Homeowner is swapping a gas range for a 12 kW electric range and there's no circuit.

Circuit Requirements:

For a 12 kW electric range, you need a 50-ampere, 240-volt circuit per NEC Table 220.55 and Article 210.19(A)(3). The range draws approximately 52 amps at 240V (12,000W ÷ 240V), but the National Electrical Code allows a demand factor for ranges over 1.5 kW, permitting a 50A circuit for a single range.

Wire & Receptacle:

• Wire: Run 6 AWG copper (or 4 AWG aluminum) from a double-pole 50A breaker to the range location. Use NM-B cable (6/3 with ground) for indoor installations.
• Receptacle: Install a NEMA 6-50R (250V, 50A) receptacle. This is the standard for electric ranges.
• Outlet Box: Use a 4-inch square metal box with a single-gang raised cover rated for the receptacle.

Key Notes:

• Verify local codes—some jurisdictions require permits and inspector approval for new circuits.
• If the range manufacturer specifies a direct-wire connection, omit the receptacle and hardwire instead.
• Ensure the circuit is dedicated—no other appliances on this breaker.

Safety: Turn off the main breaker before working. If unsure about load calculations or local amendments, consult a licensed electrician.

Run 6/3 NM-B (Romex) with ground on a 50 A, 2-pole breaker. Receptacle: NEMA 14-50R (4-prong, 125/250 V, 50 A).

Why:

• 12 kW ÷ 240 V = 50 A nameplate. NEC 220.55 allows 8 kW demand factor for ranges, but the branch circuit must carry the nameplate rating (NEC 210.19(A)(3)).
• 6 AWG copper is rated 55 A at 60 °C (Table 310.16), matching the 50 A breaker.
• 4-wire (2 hots, neutral, ground) is required for new construction/alterations (NEC 250.134, 400.3(B)). Do not reuse an old 3-wire SE cable.

Installation notes:

• Staple per 334.30, protect per 300.4.
• Receptacle flush in wall behind range or in recessed box; orient ground pin up.
• Range cord: 4-wire, 50 A, UL-listed. Remove factory neutral-ground jumper in range.
• GFCI not required for range receptacle (210.8(A) exception).

If run exceeds 100 ft, upsize to 4/3 NM-B for voltage drop. Permit & inspection required. If you’re not licensed, hire an electrician for the panel connection.